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coolify/.cursor/rules/database-patterns.mdc

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---
description: Database architecture, models, migrations, relationships, and data management patterns
globs: app/Models/*.php, database/migrations/*.php, database/seeders/*.php, app/Actions/Database/*.php
alwaysApply: false
---
# Coolify Database Architecture & Patterns
## Database Strategy
Coolify uses **PostgreSQL 15** as the primary database with **Redis 7** for caching and real-time features. The architecture supports managing multiple external databases across different servers.
## Primary Database (PostgreSQL)
### Core Tables & Models
#### User & Team Management
- **[User.php](mdc:app/Models/User.php)** - User authentication and profiles
- **[Team.php](mdc:app/Models/Team.php)** - Multi-tenant organization structure
- **[TeamInvitation.php](mdc:app/Models/TeamInvitation.php)** - Team collaboration invitations
- **[PersonalAccessToken.php](mdc:app/Models/PersonalAccessToken.php)** - API token management
#### Infrastructure Management
- **[Server.php](mdc:app/Models/Server.php)** - Physical/virtual server definitions (46KB, complex)
- **[PrivateKey.php](mdc:app/Models/PrivateKey.php)** - SSH key management
- **[ServerSetting.php](mdc:app/Models/ServerSetting.php)** - Server-specific configurations
#### Project Organization
- **[Project.php](mdc:app/Models/Project.php)** - Project containers for applications
- **[Environment.php](mdc:app/Models/Environment.php)** - Environment isolation (staging, production, etc.)
- **[ProjectSetting.php](mdc:app/Models/ProjectSetting.php)** - Project-specific settings
#### Application Deployment
- **[Application.php](mdc:app/Models/Application.php)** - Main application entity (74KB, highly complex)
- **[ApplicationSetting.php](mdc:app/Models/ApplicationSetting.php)** - Application configurations
- **[ApplicationDeploymentQueue.php](mdc:app/Models/ApplicationDeploymentQueue.php)** - Deployment orchestration
- **[ApplicationPreview.php](mdc:app/Models/ApplicationPreview.php)** - Preview environment management
#### Service Management
- **[Service.php](mdc:app/Models/Service.php)** - Service definitions (58KB, complex)
- **[ServiceApplication.php](mdc:app/Models/ServiceApplication.php)** - Service components
- **[ServiceDatabase.php](mdc:app/Models/ServiceDatabase.php)** - Service-attached databases
## Database Type Support
### Standalone Database Models
Each database type has its own dedicated model with specific configurations:
#### SQL Databases
- **[StandalonePostgresql.php](mdc:app/Models/StandalonePostgresql.php)** - PostgreSQL instances
- **[StandaloneMysql.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneMysql.php)** - MySQL instances
- **[StandaloneMariadb.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneMariadb.php)** - MariaDB instances
#### NoSQL & Analytics
- **[StandaloneMongodb.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneMongodb.php)** - MongoDB instances
- **[StandaloneClickhouse.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneClickhouse.php)** - ClickHouse analytics
#### Caching & In-Memory
- **[StandaloneRedis.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneRedis.php)** - Redis instances
- **[StandaloneKeydb.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneKeydb.php)** - KeyDB instances
- **[StandaloneDragonfly.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneDragonfly.php)** - Dragonfly instances
## Configuration Management
### Environment Variables
- **[EnvironmentVariable.php](mdc:app/Models/EnvironmentVariable.php)** - Application-specific environment variables
- **[SharedEnvironmentVariable.php](mdc:app/Models/SharedEnvironmentVariable.php)** - Shared across applications
### Settings Hierarchy
- **[InstanceSettings.php](mdc:app/Models/InstanceSettings.php)** - Global Coolify instance settings
- **[ServerSetting.php](mdc:app/Models/ServerSetting.php)** - Server-specific settings
- **[ProjectSetting.php](mdc:app/Models/ProjectSetting.php)** - Project-level settings
- **[ApplicationSetting.php](mdc:app/Models/ApplicationSetting.php)** - Application settings
## Storage & Backup Systems
### Storage Management
- **[S3Storage.php](mdc:app/Models/S3Storage.php)** - S3-compatible storage configurations
- **[LocalFileVolume.php](mdc:app/Models/LocalFileVolume.php)** - Local filesystem volumes
- **[LocalPersistentVolume.php](mdc:app/Models/LocalPersistentVolume.php)** - Persistent volume management
### Backup Infrastructure
- **[ScheduledDatabaseBackup.php](mdc:app/Models/ScheduledDatabaseBackup.php)** - Automated backup scheduling
- **[ScheduledDatabaseBackupExecution.php](mdc:app/Models/ScheduledDatabaseBackupExecution.php)** - Backup execution tracking
### Task Scheduling
- **[ScheduledTask.php](mdc:app/Models/ScheduledTask.php)** - Cron job management
- **[ScheduledTaskExecution.php](mdc:app/Models/ScheduledTaskExecution.php)** - Task execution history
## Notification & Integration Models
### Notification Channels
- **[EmailNotificationSettings.php](mdc:app/Models/EmailNotificationSettings.php)** - Email notifications
- **[DiscordNotificationSettings.php](mdc:app/Models/DiscordNotificationSettings.php)** - Discord integration
- **[SlackNotificationSettings.php](mdc:app/Models/SlackNotificationSettings.php)** - Slack integration
- **[TelegramNotificationSettings.php](mdc:app/Models/TelegramNotificationSettings.php)** - Telegram bot
- **[PushoverNotificationSettings.php](mdc:app/Models/PushoverNotificationSettings.php)** - Pushover notifications
### Source Control Integration
- **[GithubApp.php](mdc:app/Models/GithubApp.php)** - GitHub App integration
- **[GitlabApp.php](mdc:app/Models/GitlabApp.php)** - GitLab integration
### OAuth & Authentication
- **[OauthSetting.php](mdc:app/Models/OauthSetting.php)** - OAuth provider configurations
## Docker & Container Management
### Container Orchestration
- **[StandaloneDocker.php](mdc:app/Models/StandaloneDocker.php)** - Standalone Docker containers
- **[SwarmDocker.php](mdc:app/Models/SwarmDocker.php)** - Docker Swarm management
### SSL & Security
- **[SslCertificate.php](mdc:app/Models/SslCertificate.php)** - SSL certificate management
## Database Migration Strategy
### Migration Location: [database/migrations/](mdc:database/migrations)
#### Migration Patterns
```php
// Typical Coolify migration structure
Schema::create('applications', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->string('fqdn')->nullable();
$table->json('environment_variables')->nullable();
$table->foreignId('destination_id');
$table->foreignId('source_id');
$table->timestamps();
});
```
### Schema Versioning
- **Incremental migrations** for database evolution
- **Data migrations** for complex transformations
- **Rollback support** for deployment safety
## Eloquent Model Patterns
### Base Model Structure
- **[BaseModel.php](mdc:app/Models/BaseModel.php)** - Common model functionality
- **UUID primary keys** for distributed systems
- **Soft deletes** for audit trails
- **Activity logging** with Spatie package
### Relationship Patterns
```php
// Typical relationship structure in Application model
class Application extends Model
{
public function server()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Server::class);
}
public function environment()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Environment::class);
}
public function deployments()
{
return $this->hasMany(ApplicationDeploymentQueue::class);
}
public function environmentVariables()
{
return $this->hasMany(EnvironmentVariable::class);
}
}
```
### Model Traits
```php
// Common traits used across models
use SoftDeletes;
use LogsActivity;
use HasFactory;
use HasUuids;
```
## Caching Strategy (Redis)
### Cache Usage Patterns
- **Session storage** - User authentication sessions
- **Queue backend** - Background job processing
- **Model caching** - Expensive query results
- **Real-time data** - WebSocket state management
### Cache Keys Structure
```
coolify:session:{session_id}
coolify:server:{server_id}:status
coolify:deployment:{deployment_id}:logs
coolify:user:{user_id}:teams
```
## Query Optimization Patterns
### Eager Loading
```php
// Optimized queries with relationships
$applications = Application::with([
'server',
'environment.project',
'environmentVariables',
'deployments' => function ($query) {
$query->latest()->limit(5);
}
])->get();
```
### Chunking for Large Datasets
```php
// Processing large datasets efficiently
Server::chunk(100, function ($servers) {
foreach ($servers as $server) {
// Process server monitoring
}
});
```
### Database Indexes
- **Primary keys** on all tables
- **Foreign key indexes** for relationships
- **Composite indexes** for common queries
- **Unique constraints** for business rules
## Data Consistency Patterns
### Database Transactions
```php
// Atomic operations for deployment
DB::transaction(function () {
$application = Application::create($data);
$application->environmentVariables()->createMany($envVars);
$application->deployments()->create(['status' => 'queued']);
});
```
### Model Events
```php
// Automatic cleanup on model deletion
class Application extends Model
{
protected static function booted()
{
static::deleting(function ($application) {
$application->environmentVariables()->delete();
$application->deployments()->delete();
});
}
}
```
## Backup & Recovery
### Database Backup Strategy
- **Automated PostgreSQL backups** via scheduled tasks
- **Point-in-time recovery** capability
- **Cross-region backup** replication
- **Backup verification** and testing
### Data Export/Import
- **Application configurations** export/import
- **Environment variable** bulk operations
- **Server configurations** backup and restore
## Performance Monitoring
### Query Performance
- **Laravel Telescope** for development debugging
- **Slow query logging** in production
- **Database connection** pooling
- **Read replica** support for scaling
### Metrics Collection
- **Database size** monitoring
- **Connection count** tracking
- **Query execution time** analysis
- **Cache hit rates** monitoring
## Multi-Tenancy Pattern
### Team-Based Isolation
```php
// Global scope for team-based filtering
class Application extends Model
{
protected static function booted()
{
static::addGlobalScope('team', function (Builder $builder) {
if (auth()->user()) {
$builder->whereHas('environment.project', function ($query) {
$query->where('team_id', auth()->user()->currentTeam->id);
});
}
});
}
}
```
### Data Separation
- **Team-scoped queries** by default
- **Cross-team access** controls
- **Admin access** patterns
- **Data isolation** guarantees